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    Published on Dec 1, 2008 by Bondviru01 | 106 Views | General | 0 Comments

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     Indonesia has lifted a tsunami warning after tidal waves failed to materialise following a powerful earthquake that struck off the country's north Sulawesi province early Monday.

    An official at Indonesia's National Meteorology and Geophysics Agency (BMG) said the tsunami warning was lifted, more than an hour after the 7.7-magnitude earthquake struck 138 km northwest of Gorontalo in North Sulawesi at about 01:02 a.m Monday.

    'A tsunami warning was cancelled after no tidal wave took place following the quake,' Subagyo, who like many Indonesians goes only by one name, said.

    An 6.0-magnitude aftershock followed about 30 minutes later the powerful quake at a depth of 30 km beneath the seabed, the agency said.

    There were no immediate reports of injury and structural damage. But media reports said the quake had caused widespread panic in the country.

    The state-run Antara news agency reported that residents in Palu and Toli-toli districts ran out their homes in panic.

    Indonesia, the world's largest archipelago, sits on the Pacific 'Ring of Fire', the edge of a tectonic plate prone to seismic upheaval.

    A major earthquake and subsequent tsunami struck in December 2004, leaving more than 170,000 people dead or missing and around 500,000 homeless in Indonesia's Aceh province.

    Published on Nov 11, 2008 by Bondviru01 | 184 Views | Base Line - Luv Start With First Kiss | 0 Comments

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    \"Defination
    Prof of Economics

    : Kiss is that thing for which the demand is always higher than the supply. 


    Prof. of Accountancy : Kiss is a credit because it is profitable when returned. 


    Prof. of Algebra : Kiss is infinity because two divided by nothing. 


    Prof. of Geometry : Kiss is the shortest distance between two lips. 


    Prof. of Physics : Kiss is the contraction of mouth due to the expansion of the heart. 


    Prof. of Chemistry : Kiss is the reaction of the interaction between two hearts. 


    Prof. of Zoology : Kiss is the interchange of salivary bacteria. 


    Prof. of Physiology : Kiss is the juxtaposition of two orbicularisoris muscles in the state of contraction.
     

    Prof. of Dentistry : Kiss is infectious and antiseptic. 


    Prof. of Statistics : Kiss is an event whose probability depends on the vital statistics of 36-24-36. 


    Prof. of Philosophy : Kiss is the persecution for the child, ecstasy for the youth and homage for the old.
     

    Prof. of English : Kiss is a noun that is used as a conjunction; it is more common than proper; it is spoken in the plural and it is applicable to all.


    Prof. of Architecture : Kiss is a process which builds a solid bond between the two dynamic objects 


    Prof. of Comp.Science : What is a kiss? It seems to be an undefined variable

    Published on Nov 11, 2008 by Bondviru01 | 366 Views | General | 0 Comments

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    Kisi se Baat karna , Bolna acha nahi lagta
    Tujhe Dekha hai jab se , Doosra acha nahi lagta

    Teri ankhon main jab se maine apna aks Dekha Hai
    mere chahre ko koi aina acha nahi lagta.....

    Tere Baare main Din Bhar sochti Rehti Hoon main lekin
    Tere Baare main sab se Poochna acha nahi lagta

    Yahan Mohabbat karne wale Barbaad Rehte hain.....
    yeh Darya Hai issey kacha Gharra acha nahi lagta

    MAIN ab chahat ki us Manzil per aan Punhcha Hoon,
    Teri Jaanib kisi ka Dekhna acha nahi lagta....

     

     

    Alfaaz kabhi tasveer banaya kartai thai
    Tumhein khayaloon mein saja kar
    Khawaboon ko tabeer banaya kartai thai
    Kabhi rang bhartai thai un mein chahat ka
    Kabhi umangoon ko mehkaya kartai thai
    Kabhi yadoon ko samo kar dil mein ye
    Ashkoon ko bahaya kartai thai
    Kabhi pehroon bethai tumhein sochtai to
    Khud sai bhi sharmaya kartai thai
    Kabhi intezar ki dehleez par tehrai ye
    Khadshoon sai ghabraya kartai thai
    Tum mohabbat kartai ho sirf mujhse
    Ye keh kar mujhe behlaya kartai thai
    Alfaaz kabhi tasveer banaya kartai thai
    Tumhari rahoon mein sehmai sai
    Tumhein bulaya kartai thai
    Tumhein chupa kar ankhoon mein
    Tumhein tumse churaya kartai thai
    Kabhi simti hui yadoon mein liptai ye
    Tumhari batoon ko dohraya kartai thai
    Kabhi mohabbat ki anch to kabhi kurbat mein
    Khud ko jalaya kartai thai
    Har pal har lamha sang mere
    Ye tumhein pukara kartai thai
    Hatheli par likh kar naam sada
    panai ki dua ye kartai thai
    Alfaaz kabhi tasveer banaya kartai thai
    Khawaboon ko tabeer banaya kartai thai
    Kabhi khonai kabhi panai ki justuju mein
    Khud sai ye haara kartai thai
    Kabhi sapnoon ko ye buntai thai
    Kabhi thak kar choor ho jaya kartai thai
    Kabhi tasawur mein tumse ye
    Iqraar-e-mohabbat kartai thai
    Koi lamha aisa beeta na
    Jab tumhein ye yaad na kartai thai
    Ye doob kar tum mein aksar hi
    Khud ko bhi bhulaya kartai thai
    Kuch gumsum sai kuch khamosh sai ye
    Khud sai nazrain bhi churaya kartai thai
    Tumhein yadoon mein saja kar aksar ye
    pehroon tumhein socha kartai thai
    Ye aaj bhi wohi kartai hain
    Jo pehlai kiya kartai thai
    Ye aaj bhi sang hamarai chaltai hain
    Wohi shamain hain wohi raatain hain
    Jin mein khawab ye buntai hain
    Ye aaj bhi tumhara naam liyai
    Mujhse shararat kartai hain
    Meri khamosh si in ankhoon mein
    Ye deep jalai rakhtai hain
    Hain aaj bhi mausam waisai hi
    Jaisai pehlai hua kartai thai
    Hain aaj bhi jazbai waisai hi
    Jaisai pehlai hua kartai thai
    Aaj bhi lafzoon sai hai tasveer saji
    Jaisai pehlai sajaya kartai thai
    Alfaaz kabhi tasveer banaya kartai thai
    Khawaboon ko tabeer banaya kartai thai
    Jo pyaar me haar jaiye,wo shayar ban jata hai,
    jo haar k nasha karne lage,wo kayar kehlata hai,
    mere jaane ke baad tujhe meri yaad aiyegi,
    jub duniya tujh ko meri yaad dilayegi,

    tab sochogi kaash ikraar kiya hota,
    na maine inkaar kiya hota,
    tum na jahan se jaate,
    na hi mujhe rulaate,

    aaj duniya k taane sunkar jee rahi hun,
    din raat khoon k aansu pee rahi hun,
    tab jaakar tujhe meri yaad aiyegi,
    jub duniya tujhe meri yaad dilayegi,

    ek zara si bhool par tu bahut pachhtayegi,
    mur to jaaunga par hasrat dil me reh jayegi,
    jub koi nahi karega yaad tumhen,
    tub hi meri yaad bahut aiyegi,

    aaj kurbaan hote hain tumpar hazaaron,
    zara aane waale kal ki sooch,
    jo chehre par utar aiyegi,
    kalion par mandrate bhanware,

    har phool ki khushbo le udte hain,
    ek zaraa see bhool par,
    tujhe khud par sharam aiyegi,
    jab bhi{gareeb}ki murkad par aakar diya jalaogi,
    ashq bahenge ankhon se or meri yaad bahut aiyegi,
    Zamane se nahi Hum Tanhai se darte hai,
    Pyar se nahi Hum Ruswai se darte hai.
    Milne ki Umang to bahut hoti hai,
    lekin milne ke baad teri Judai se darte hai.....

    asbaate ishq naakaam naa hone denge,
    Dil ki duniya mein kabhi shaam naa hone denge,
    Dosti ka har ilzaam apne sar par le lenge,
    Par dost hum tumhe badnaam na hone denge !

    Zindagi Ki Raahon Mein Aise Mod Bhi Aate Hain
    Saawan Ke Saath-Saath Yehan Patjad Bhi Aate Hain
    Aasuwon Ke Saagar Mein Moti Bhi Milthe Hain
    Jo Unhe Doond lete hain, Wahi Zindagi Jee Lete Hain

    Apni to mohabbat ki itni kahani hai,
    Tooti hui kashti or tehhra hua pani hai,
    Ek phool kitabon may dam tor chuka hai,
    Magar kuch yaad nahi aata yeh kis ki nishani hai.
    Zindagi hai to Khwaab Hai
    _Khwaab Hai To Manzilein Hai
    ____Manzilein Hai To Fasaley Hai
    __________Fasaley Hai To Rastey Hai
    _________Rastay Hai To Mushkilein Hai
    ____________ _Mushkilein Hai To Hausla Hai
    ____________ _____Hausla Hai To Vishawas Hai
    ____________ _________ _Vishvas hai to Paisa hai
    ____________ _________ ___Paisa hai to Shohrat hai
    ____________ _________ _____Shohrat hai to Izzat Hai
    ____________ _________ _________ Izzat hai to Ladki hai
    ____________ _________ _____Ladki hai to Tension hai
    ____________ _________ _Tension hai to Concern hai
    ____________ ______Concern hai to a Khayaal hai
    ____________ _____Khayaal hai to Khwaab hai
    ____________ __Khawab hai to Growth hai
    __________Growth hai to Zindagi hai
    ______Zindagi hai to khwaab hai
    _Matlab duniya Gol Gol hai

    Published on Nov 11, 2008 by Bondviru01 | 137 Views | Management Operation | 0 Comments

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    A consequence of the association between entrepreneurship and change is the role that entrepreneurs play in promoting innovative technologies, products, and services. Many people who have developed new technologies, products, or services were employees of large corporations that refused to use the new inventions forcing the inventors to become entrepreneurs. Take Gore-Tex fabric, now a staple of winter sportswear. When Gore-Tex was first developed, no established garment manufacturer wanted to use it, and it was ignored until a struggling smaller firm decided to experiment with it.

    Sometimes one entrepreneurial innovation gives rise to many others. The most famous and important case comes from the very start of the Industrial Revolution during the second half of the eighteenth century. Early in that century, imported cotton fabric from India gave some British entrepreneurs the idea of producing such fabric in Britain. At first, the raw cotton (mostly from the American South) was spun into yarn by hand-operated machines and then woven, also by hand-operated machines, into fabric. But a problem arose: the machines that did the spinning worked too slowly to produce enough yarn to keep all the weaving machines fully occupied. Spinning, therefore, was a bottleneck. Before long inventors were working to rmove the jam. In the mid-1760s, James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, a machine that could produce up to 11 threads of cotton simultaneously. Later in the century, the spinning jenny was linked to the steam engine, so that it no longer had to be worked by the operator’s foot. The overall effect of these innovations was to increase still further the amount of cotton thread produced. Now there was too much thread and not enough weaving capacity-exactly the opposite of the old problem. Again, inventors went to work. In 1785, an English clergyman invented the power loom, a weaving machine powered by a steam engine. Even Starbucks is leading a trend towards a rapid increase of gourmet coffee shops. In the small city of Charlottesville, Virginia, four new gourmet coffee retailers opened in 1993.

    Some Contributions of Independent investors and Small Organizations:
    Digital computer, Xerography, Laser, Insulin, Turbojet engine, Magnetic recording, Oxygen steel making process, Gyrocompass, Rocketry, Shell molding, Shrink-proof knitwear, Zipper, Self-winding wristwatch Continuous hot-strip steel, Helicopter, Air Conditioning, Ball-point pen, Tungsten carbide, Velcro, Fiberglass surfboards, String trimmers, Magnetic core memory, Flexible soda straws, Vacuum tube, FM radio, Penicillin, Petroleum catalytic cracking, Fiber optics, Heterodyne radio, Streptomycin, Cyclotron, Titanium, Cotton picker, Dacron polyester fiber, Automatic Transmission, Mercury dry cell, Power steering, Color photography, Polaroid camera, Cellophane, Bakelite, Hovercraft, Metal-laminated skis, Fiber-glass snow skis, Prince tennis racket, Geodesic domes.

    Marketplace Change:
    Entrepreneurs stir up the waters of competition in the market place. Zoltan Acs calls small businesses created by entrepreneurs “agents of change in a market economy. Examples are everywhere: Steve Jobs and Steve Woznaik upset the computer market with the Apple Computer, the Wankel engine got the attention of managers in the auto industry, Donald Burr changed the rules of airline price competition with People Express, Al Neuharth changed the sports pages of American newspapers with USA Today, and MTV changed the way rock music is promoted. You can imagine that if you were running a small coffee shop and bakery, and Starbucks moved in across the street, you’d soon be thinking about the competitiveness of your business. And Schultz faces competition from bookstores such as Borders that have opened coffee bars.

    The international market also provides entrepreneurial opportunities for companies. Cascade Medical Inc., for example, knew there was a large potential market in Saudi Arabia for its blood-glucose home monitoring system. Saudi Arabia has 700,000 diabetics. It joined with a Saudi trading partner and now competes with foreign health-care companies-all giants and has snapped up 20% of the Saudi home-glucose-monitoring market.

    Published on Nov 11, 2008 by Bondviru01 | 152 Views | Management Operation | 0 Comments

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    Benefits of ERP: ERP enables an organization to look itself in wards as well as outwards towards the market. Due to the holistic view provided by ERP, the organization has a better insight into its own policies, systems and procedures. The organization is also able to look at the inefficiencies, bottlenecks and deficiency in communication across functions / departments / divisions present in the enterprises. It can help identify any area where the different departments of the enterprises are working at cross purposes. The very word integration signifies that no part of the organization is an island. All those that were islands earlier would be connected to each other effectively with the introduction of ERP.

    ERP’s strength lies in its ability to provide information that is comprehensive, instantaneous and up-to-date. It provides this to all segments of the enterprise. The information from the different segments of the enterprise also gets into the ERP system seamlessly. Thus, the two way exchange is almost effortless. Sharing of information should make it easy for people to work together many of the wastes in corporations are due to the non-availability of information or due to constrained flow of information and hence the same to being available at the time when it is needed . These wastes could be eliminated with the use of ERP. ERP proves that formation is indeed power in today’s competitive market that needs an agile response from an organization.

    (a) The benefits of having an ERP system installed are:

    1. up to date
    2. uniform
    3. comprehensive, across the entire organization
    4. integrated, linking all the functional departments and divisions.

    (b) The ERP software embeds the best practices followed by corporation across the world.
    (c) The instantaneously available comprehensive information, the linking of different departments, and the embedded business processes in the ERP software can help a manager to take appropriate decisions with speed and quality.
    (d)It integrates the work flow in the entire enterprises. The organizations could thus be made more agile responding quickly and appropriately to the market situation and in attending to the customer.
    (e) Every decision maker, whether the decision is big or small is put on the ‘value chain’. There is therefore more focus imparted to the organization.
    (f) It helps an organization to look inwards and thus discover areas that could be improved upon.

    Since establishing an ERP requires large investments the CEOs of the enterprises are typically interested in the return on investments (ROI). While there is nothing wrong in watching the ROI, the top executives should be conscious of (and develop measures to monitor) customer satisfaction (the ultimate goal), cycle times, delivery performance, decisions making time and intangibles like the quality of decisions etc.

    Implementation of ERP: However, just by installing an ERP system an organization cannot expect the benefits to flow. Much of the results depend on the way ERP is implemented. First and foremost, the attitudes of people have to change. ERP expects people to change the way they do their jobs. People in general resist change. The software is less important than the changes in the way people do their jobs. In fact if people’s attitudes are changed, the software may even become an impediment to the smooth running of the operations. That is the downside, if the organization is not well prepared for the changes.

    Moreover, the results from ERP like any transformation in the systems are not instantaneous. At least not those that concern the revenues profit and ROI. ERP, as transformational process, can take two to three years. An organization has to keep on improving its policies, systems procedures and ways of transacting business with ERP as an enabler. The point is not to expect a revolution, but a gradual transformation. Much of the benefits due to ERP depend on the amount if introspection the organization does about its own ways of doing business. It is a prerequisite to put one’s house in order before one does business with other organizations.

    Published on Sep 12, 2008 by Bondviru01 | 160 Views | General | 0 Comments

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    The main treatment for obesity is to reduce body fat by eating fewer calories and exercising more.

    DIET IDEAS :

    1. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Have a healthy meal in the morning to start your metabolism.

    2. Vegetables have essential vitamins and nutrients for your healthy weight loss. Pair any vegetable with a protein to make a meal, or eat alone as a healthy snack.

    3. Maintenance of a good ratio between carbohydrates and lipids 4:1

    4. Make sure that you eat five different types of fruit and vegetables every day. Every day also make sure that you eat at least one thing from each of the different food groups: Carbohydrates, Fruit and vegetables, Protein, Dairy, and Fats. Remember to eat the most fruit and vegetables, and the least fats.

    5. Eat small, healthy meals frequently.

    6. Keep in mind that you must still count your calories to be an effective weight loss plan. As a general rule, it is best to eat 5 smaller meals throughout the day.

    7. You should be eating some healthy fats in your diet.

    8. Protein is also essential for losing body fat. Protein is needed to repair your muscle tissue after working out.

    9. Having fiber in your diet will help regulate your digestive system.

    10. Too much salt gives you high blood pressure; a high fat diet will give you hard and narrow arteries that could lead to heart attacks and strokes, possibly even death.

    11. Foods that are grilled are by definition, not cooked in oil or their own fat which means once cooked they retain little or no fat so are better for overall health.

    EXERCISE IDEAS :

    12. Exercise requires energy (calories). Calories are stored in body fat. The body breaks down its fat stores in order to provide energy during prolonged aerobic exercise. The largest muscles in the body are the leg muscles, and naturally these burn the most calories, which make walking, running, and cycling among the most effective forms of exercise for reducing body fat.
     
    13. You may find that you are more comfortable walking than any other form of exercise; however, try to improve the pace you walk at as your diet progresses, remembering that you will look better when your fat is converted into muscle.

    Published on Sep 10, 2008 by Bondviru01 | 166 Views | General | 0 Comments

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    FAST CHAT

    Swing And a Miss Woods

     
     
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    If Tiger Woods had to have knee surgery, he picked an ideal time: while he recovers, he gets to spend all day with his 14-month-old daughter, Sam—and his new videogame, Tiger Woods PGA Tour 09. He spoke with NEWSWEEK's Matthew Philips.

    How often do you play the game?
    A lot more now. A whole lot more now.

    It'll be five months before you swing a club again. When was the last time that happened?
    Probably since I came out of the womb. I've had injuries here and there, but I've always been able to go hit balls. Now I'm not allowed to do anything.

    Does the videogame help keep you sharp?
    It is like swinging a club. I've got to watch it, though, because if I'm not careful I'll take a full swing, and I'm not supposed to torque on my leg yet.

    Is it tough watching the season unfold without you?
    Not really, because I know I can't physically compete with those guys. I couldn't even beat my daughter in a game of golf right now.

    She's also just 14 months old.
    That's been the best thing ever, getting the chance to see her develop. As golfers, we're always away, so it couldn't have come at a more perfect time.

    © 2008

    Published on Sep 10, 2008 by Bondviru01 | 169 Views | General | 0 Comments

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    PROJECT GREEN

    A No-Paper Newspaper

              After years of hype, 'e-newspapers' are getting closer to reality. Can they save a shrinking industry?

     
     
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              When scientists inside the MIT Media Lab began toying with "electronic paper" more than a decade ago, much of their enthusiasm focused on single killer app: a portable, paperless newspaper. E-newspapers would be a huge environmental win, eliminating the need to pulp trees and burn gasoline delivering the traditional folded parcels to readers' driveways. Like many technologies, however, e-paper has been slow to take off. In the past year, since Amazon introduced its Kindle electronic reading device, thousands of Americans have experienced the pleasures of e-books—but for most people, e-newspapers aren't yet a reality.

              Millions of us already read paperless newspapers and magazines on the Web, but e-newspapers, read on devices like the Kindle, would offer different benefits for both readers and publishers. For consumers who already spend too many hours staring at PC screens, e-newspapers would offer portability and an uncluttered reading environment, blissfully free from e-mail bells ringing or IMs popping up mid-paragraph. Among publishers, there's real hope readers will pay subscription fees for those benefits (something few Web readers do), and that advertisers will pay considerably more for ads on e-readers than they do on the Web. If these new streams of cash materialize, they could help an industry that's seen revenues fall sharply as readers and advertisers have begun abandoning high-margin print products. E-newspapers would also eliminate printing and delivery costs—typically half of what publishers spend to put out a newspaper.

              For a primitive look at how e-newspapers might work, consider the Kindle. Amazon currently offers 24 newspapers for use on the device. Subscribers pay $5.99 to $14.99 per month, and each issue arrives wirelessly before sunup. Even e-reader enthusiasts describe reading a newspaper on the Kindle as disappointing—and after reading four dailies on the device for the past two weeks, I'd have to agree. I loved not having to walk to the driveway to fetch my morning papers, and I enjoyed not having to recycle them afterward. But this convenience carries a cost. The Kindle's black-and-white screen doesn't handle photographs or graphics well, and its e-papers carry no advertising. Navigating between stories is cumbersome. The biggest problem, though, is that e-readers work best for "linear reading"—reading long pages of text, as in a book—and not as well for the buffet-like browsing behavior that makes reading a newspaper one of life's great pleasures. Instead of offering well-designed pages that entice readers to skim a story they might otherwise skip, today's e-newspapers merely list headlines or tops of articles, which makes it hard to decide what's worth reading. As a result, although some analysts predict Amazon will sell a half million Kindles in its first 13 months on the market, they estimate only a few thousand buyers have used the device to read a newspaper. (Amazon won't discuss its numbers.)

              Among the firms working to perfect these devices, there's some hope that will change soon. "Newspapers are the next wave," says Russell Wilcox, chief executive of E Ink, the MIT spinoff whose technology powers the Kindle, Sony's Reader and other competitors. "You'll see, in the next 12 to 18 months, a wave of electronic-newspaper devices." Roger Fidler, a former newspaper executive who now researches and consults on e-readers at the University of Missouri, cites three requirements for e-newspapers to really catch on with consumers: the devices require larger screens (to allow room for better display of stories, photos and ads), color screens (a must for advertisers) and lower prices (the Kindle currently sells for $359).

              Color is still a few years away, but several companies will soon launch e-readers with screens the size of an 8.5-by-11-inch piece of paper—and unlike existing e-readers, which have glass screens, these next-generation machines will use flexible, plastic screens that readers won't have to worry about cracking. Richard Archuleta is CEO of Plastic Logic, which this week is set to demo a larger, flex-screen reader that will go on sale next year. He says it works far better for newspapers than the Kindle. "You can browse articles—you can have that serendipitous experience you have with a newspaper, where you discover things," Archuleta says.

              There's also hope the industry will find a solution to the devices' high costs. Print-newspaper subscriptions are fairly pricey: I pay more than $1,300 a year to get home delivery of The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal and The Boston Globe. Even if e-newspaper readers pay lower subscription fees, newspapers could still take in enough to subsidize the devices for subscribers, the same way cell-phone carriers give a "free" phone to customers who sign a two-year contract. Reading an e-newspaper may never be as enjoyable as reading it in print, but advocates say many consumers will sign on anyway. "[The experience] will be close enough that the convenience, the economics and the environmental considerations will make it inevitable that people will switch," says Wilcox, the E Ink chief.

              There are still reasons to be skeptical. The biggest worry is whether consumers who've grown used to reading newspaper Web sites for free can be persuaded to pay $10 or more a month for an e-newspaper subscription. "Free tends to win out once it's been established in the customers' minds," says James McQuivey, an analyst at Forrester Research. "I know there are people whose hearts and souls are invested in saving the newspaper concept, but it's breathing its last breath already, in my opinion." As this technology evolves, newspaper junkies like me will be rooting hard that the e-reader evangelists can prove him wrong.

    © 2008

    Published on Sep 10, 2008 by Bondviru01 | 153 Views | General | 0 Comments

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    College Needn’t Bankrupt You

    One strategy is to look for 'merit aid,' tuition discounts awarded without regard to financial need.


     
     
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              For all the scare stories this spring about how hard it was going to be for students to get loans, the loan season is ending quietly with money secured. But I have a different take on this story. Why are we glad that students and parents find it so easy to get further into hock? Students who borrow are graduating with a median $20,000 in education debt that schools know about (that doesn't count direct loans from other places where students borrow, like banks). Kids have no idea how tough it could be to repay or what might happen if they can't (for some horror stories, see studentloanjustice.org). Families starting to think about college should troll for places they can afford, while borrowing as little money as possible.

              The colleges themselves know that loans are getting a bad name. Sixteen high-cost schools— including Amherst, Haverford, Lafayette, Oberlin and Stanford—provide financial aid entirely in the form of free grants, even to students with higher incomes. An additional 28 schools have adopted no-loan policies within certain loan or family-income limits.

              Still, you have to read the fine print. In most cases, your free grants fill only your "official" need. That's the difference between what the college costs and what you, as parent and child, are expected to pay. Your "expected contribution" derives from a formula that considers your income and assets, and you're going to owe more than you think. For an idea of the amount, go to projectonstudentdebt.org, which lists the pledged no-loan schools and estimates your residual cost. Brown University, for one, cost $48,660 in 2007–08. Parents earning $80,000 got a 59 percent discount but still owed a fat $20,095. Most likely, they covered at least part of it with a loan.

              An alternative strategy is to look for "merit aid." These are tuition discounts awarded without regard to financial need. Schools offer them to students they particularly want—for their good grades, athletic prowess, leadership or other talents. Higher-income families collect along with everyone else, not only at private schools but at the publics, too. About 60 percent of the aid provided by four-year public institutions goes to students who, on paper, don't need financial help, says Sandy Baum, senior policy analyst for the College Board.

              Fourteen states offer grants to resident students with at least a B average who attend a state school. In some states, that's four years of free tuition and fees, and a great education, too. The dollars "go predominantly to the white or Asian upper-middle-class," says Donald Heller, director of the Center for the Study of Higher Education in University Park, Pa. On average, other minorities and low-income students have poorer grades.

               Lynn O'Shaughnessy, author of an excellent book called "The College Solution," has some advice for students hoping to bag some extra merit aid: apply to schools where you're in the top 25 percent academically (College QuickFinder at collegeboard.com, shows you the SAT college-prep-exam scores of the students each school admits). Apply to fine but lesser-known schools in distant states (schools like to diversify geographically). Look at gender balance. Men are more likely to get awards at schools where women approach 60 percent of the student body. Type "scholarship" and your SAT or ACT score into Google. The names of some schools will pop up that offer awards at that level. Drill down into college results.org to see what percentage of a school's students graduate in four years (every extra semester costs a fortune).

              In the end, line up the acceptable offers and pick the one with the least debt. When you leave school, you'll be three jumps ahead.

    Reporter associate: Temma Ehrenfeld

    © 2008

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